Piezometer is a laboratory equipment used for measuring the pressure of fluids such as water, oil, and gas. It is commonly used in geotechnical engineering and hydrology applications to measure the pressure of groundwater and to monitor groundwater levels.
The piezometer consists of a long tube made of steel or plastic, which is inserted vertically into the ground or soil. The tube is filled with a special liquid or gas that is sensitive to pressure changes. At the bottom of the tube, there is a porous filter that allows water or other fluids to enter the tube but prevents soil particles from entering.
When water or other fluids enter the tube, they create pressure that is transmitted to the fluid in the tube, which is then measured using a pressure gauge or other measurement device. Piezometers can be installed in a single location or in an array to monitor the pressure and level of groundwater over a large area.
Piezometers come in different types, including standpipe piezometers, vibrating wire piezometers, and pneumatic piezometers. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of piezometer depends on the specific application and measurement requirements.